On this earth, there are so many different soil types vary. And the land has the functions and benefits. More details, here are the kinds of soils and character traits you need to know:

1. Soil Compos

Soil Compos is a type of soil which is usually found in your area each because this land is often found in countries with tropical climates one of them is Indonesia. Topsoil is often encountered, perhaps even on a daily basis can be found in the neighborhood around you.Soil Compos has a dark color with a crumbly texture. For those of you who may not know the type of soil that is around you, maybe the soil is Compo's soil as a characteristic feature that you mentioned earlier.

Another feature of this soil Compos soil that is formed from leaves, because the soil is very fertile, so overgrown with a variety of plants. This land is also located in the uppermost layer of the earth, so that the soil is what you walk on every day.

2. Soil Deposition

Miscellaneous land and the characteristics of the next character is the plant sludge. Soil sediment or also known as the alluvial soil is formed by the river mud, which is then deposited in the plains. Soil alluvial sediment or soil has a dark color. Because they are made of mud that makes the alluvial soil has a texture like mud.

3. Peat

The soil is formed in a swamp area has a wet and soft texture. No wonder peat soil texture such as the formation of a marsh area, know you swampy area is the area where there is air. The soil is acidic and has a dark color. But the land is not suitable for growing plants because the peat soil is less fertile soil types. Because it will not get the maximum results if you are planting in peat soil. This land can be met in Indonesia.

4. Sand Land

As the name implies, this soil contains gravel. Because it contains gravel and the land is very easy to go through the water. However, this land contains little Compos, so it is not suitable for farming. Because they contain gravel or ground rock is very suitable as a building material. So this makes the most requested sandy soil as a building material.

5. Soil Volcanic

As the name implies volcanic soil is formed from a volcanic eruption material. Volcanic soil or also known as the land of volcanoes contain high nutrients. Because of its high nutrient The volcanic soil is perfect used as farmland. Volcanic soil is very fertile soil, so the plants are planted in it then it will flourish. As the name implies this land also can be found at the slopes of the volcano.

6. Clay

Miscellaneous soil characteristics and traits which further is clay. Clay or also known as the clay is very difficult to pass water because of the texture of clay. Clay is a kind of poor soils that are not suitable for agriculture. But clay or clay is usually used for making pottery. Although infertile but this plant has great benefits to humans that can be used as pottery used for daily human needs or just as decoration.

Good information and characteristics Miscellaneous land above characteristics can be useful.

8:16 PM

Now times have changed, the vegetables can not only be planted in the area of ​​vegetable origin only. But vegetables can now be your own vegetables at home in pots or in the yard. Vegetables are foodstuffs that are essential to meet the nutritional needs, therefore a lot of vegetables sought. Because much sought after, it is not uncommon to many people looking out Vegetable Cultivation Techniques and opened a business selling organic vegetables, or planted for its own purposes.

For someone who is just starting or want to learn the cultivation of vegetables, then you need ample references. Because the vegetable production is correct, then it can produce good quality vegetables. Hence understanding and references of vegetable crops is important to note.

For vegetable production, you need to know in advance where the plant originated, in what place these plants fit in planting, whatever it takes to grow these vegetables, and how to care for her. Actually vegetable production itself is not complicated, but requires special attention and accuracy so that the resulting plants can be of good quality.

There are two types of places to grow vegetable crops, which is in the highlands and lowlands. Vegetables commonly grown in the highlands such as carrots, potatoes, and so forth. While the vegetables are grown in the lowlands such as kale, caesim, and so forth. Therefore, before studying vegetable production, you need to know in advance the kind of place and origin of the vegetables that will be in cultivation.

For example, you'll plant vegetables kale, vegetables coming from the lowlands. Vegetable kale live and grow in water, so you will need if you want to water media kale crop cultivation. Media that you can use as a pond, you only need to plant seeds of kale at the edge of the pool, after that spinach seeds will start to grow and develop into vegetable kale.

Another such example sayurantentang crop cultivation techniques, types of vegetables that live in the highlands. These vegetables are vegetables that can be and a lot of you have encountered in the highlands. For vegetable cultivation of potatoes should andatentukan first seed to be used. For example you should use with superior quality seed potatoes, then select its fastest growing and in accordance with the conditions that exist in nature. After choosing the seeds, you can specify the land to be used for growing seed potatoes and do nursery. After that you perform maintenance of the potato plants to produce vegetables potatoes with superior quality.

With cultured with superior quality, then you can enjoy the results with satisfaction. Moreover, if the results of the farm will be sold, it must have a good quality prior to entry into the market. You really must be observant and have a lot of references vegetable production. Due to the ample references and practices in accordance with the procedure then you can get satisfactory results.

Vegetable production is not easy, because you also have to compete with the natural conditions of uncertainty. However, Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate that is very good for the cultivation of vegetables. So you can take advantage of this situation for the cultivation, by utilizing well then you will not regret living in this beautiful country.

Hopefully Vegetable Cultivation Techniques information above can be useful.

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8:20 AM

After we explained about the meaning and history emerge hydroponics now to explain the meaning of hydroponic growing media.

Median hydroponic planting is a medium which is made of a material or materials other than land used as a place of growth and development of plant roots.

From the above understanding, the hydroponic growing media serves as a prop to be able to stand upright plant that is not easily collapse.

Here we can see that a very noticeable difference between planting a conventional manner with a hydroponic system. That lies in the planting medium used.

If the conventional way as is common to use the land. But in the hydroponic system using non-soil media.

In commercial or hobby, then it is better before planting using hydroponics system should first identify a wide range of planting medium used.

Since the selection of planting medium will greatly affect the outcome planted. And also make sure the media selected cropping appropriate and readily available and in accordance with the budget.

5:57 AM

Reporting from Wikipedia page, Hydroponics is a word derived from the Greek hydro meaning water and ponos which means power.

Hydroponics in the agricultural world also known as the cultivation of plants without using soil media or called soilless culture.

So can we conclude from hydroponics understanding is one of the crops with the water but do not use soil media in order to emphasize the nutritional requirements of the plant.

In the study of language, hydro meaning water while working ponos means. So, if we mean by language. Hydroponics is a way to cultivate plants flora with more emphasis on meeting the needs of plants or more simple nutrition farm without land but by water media.

Hydroponics system against the background of high public interest will be very important for the development of the fertilizer needs of plants.

How Hydroponics emergence History?

In a book entitled Sylva Sylvarum Francis Bacon essay printed in 1628 states that the beginning of farming with the system without using soil media was in 1627.

In the year system hydroponic cultivation techniques become very popular research. Then 77 years later a man named John Woodward conduct aquaculture experiments with spearmint.

He stated that the plants that grow with less water pure media better than plants grown with pure water.

Then in 1842, two German nationals Julius von Saches and Wilhelm Knop 9 compile a list of elements that are needed in plant growth.

And not long after that the years 1859-1865 the use of cropping systems without the use of soil experienced a very significant development.

This technique is a technique in which plants to cultivate more emphasis on the nutritional requirements of the plant. So with this model became a standard as a research and learning techniques.

Today Solution culture a technique planting medium but without providing nutrients.

No one century ago that in 1929, a researcher from the University of California named William Frederick Gericke Solution officially promote culture as a solution to generate and cultivate crops.

But first he called it the aquaculture (aquaculture), but this name was already popular in the cultivation of aquatic animals.

In his first experiments he did on tomato plants that can grow as high as 25 feet creeping behind his house. He utilize as a mineral nutrient solution other than land.

Thus the term hydroponics first made popular by University of California researchers that William Frederick Gericke as a way of farming using water.

In the development of the technique with many hydroponic systems is done only in every small as a hobby or a favorite in the community, especially Indonesia.

But not a few have also been commercializing the results of this hydroponic plants. But considering the social and economic aspects.

The types of plants are often cultivated with the system hydroponics peppers, tomatoes, Japanese cucumber, melon, eggplant and lettuce.

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5:57 AM

Once we understand the type of planting medium is good and proper for cultivation, the next step is to understand the model of the hydroponic watering system and how to use it.

There are as many as eight hydroponic watering system models. Each of these systems has its advantages and lack. Let's discuss one by one.

# 1 Hydroponic Systems Aeroponic

Aeroponics is derived from two words namely aero is air-conditioned and poniq is cultivation. So aeroponic system of cultivation of vegetables is a most excellent by using air and water without the use of soil ecosystems.

This technique is a hydroponic growing methods using the help of technology. By placing the plant in such a way to be seen hanging plant roots.

The working principle of aeroponic system is to utilize water and nutrients are supplied to the plants in the form of small granules or mist.

The fogging process is derived from a water pump that is placed in the tank and sprayed using a nozzle. So with that nutrients given to the plants would be more quickly absorbed by plant roots hanging.

Aeroponic system is appropriate and well in cultivation because of this technique the plant will get two things: nutrition and oxygen simultaneously.

Many farmers happy by using this technique. Because the quality of vegetables grown with this technique proved to have a good quality, hygienic, fresh, crisp, flavorful and accompanied with high flavor.

The advantages of this system lies in the oxygenation process get to the root that starts from each grain a fine mist that mixed elements of compos.

So many in the developing world use this system included in Indonesia. The advantages of this system there are 8 of them:

• No need to use a large area, Enough with small holdings only.
• aeroponic system is very environmentally friendly because it can save water.
• With roots that hang in the air it will be more in the acceptance of oxygen.
• Can reduce the amount of labor.
• Reduce the growth of dangerous pathogens.
• The plant will be easier to carry out photosynthesis because the plant will utilize the carbon dioxide that is rich in oxygen.
• No need to use the land.
• Ability to produce crops that meet 3K is the quality, quantity and continuity.

Well, the lack of this system is that if the misting system is not controlled properly then hanging roots will quickly dry up picking carburetion.

# 2 Openness Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

System Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is a new technique in the case of hydroponic cultivation in Indonesia. This system is very precise when applied to land that is not fertile and yet can be applied in the highlands and low.

The point is the ultimate goal of this system is to obtain quality harvest. There is a slight difference in the application of NFT system with aeroponics.

Difference is located on laying the roots of plants above the water table is shallow. But the water has undergone the process of circulation and contains a number of nutrients according to plant needs,

So with that plants roots will continue to grow because it is surrounded by a layer of nutrients. Benefits and the weakness of this technique lies in the electric power supply.

If the electricity supply either the pump is damaged then the plant roots will dry quickly and then the disruption of nutrients and cause death.

But in this way will better ensure the plants can grow and produce more leverage and succeeded.

# 3 System Hydroponics Drip System

Drip systems or drip system an hydroponic systems are widely applied in homes that main goal is just a hobby but does not close the possibility also for commercially.

The system is quite simple because it does not require so many equipment, as well as multifunctional and effective.

There are so many variations that we can design and build. And it all just depends on creativity and innovation.

As the name implies this system to apply droplets of liquid nutrients to each plant roots with the aim of damp and wet.

This technique can be tailored according to the needs and land, can be of a small scale and large scale. But more effective this way to a rather large plants that require more space for root growth.

And also this technique is not so much in need of water in irrigation systems as well as pipe or hose can be stretched lengthwise. The only drawback that many planting medium that is easily absorbed and stored.

Why use a large plant? Because large plants resistant to pressure or stress and is not sensitive to time delays irrigation.

# 4 Hydroponics System of Tidal (Ebb And Flow System)

Tidal system is a hydroponic cultivation system in which plants get water, oxygen and nutrients through the pumping tank which will moisten the roots or the term pairs.

Then after a time the nutrients back into the tank or the term retroactively. Well, time or ebb tide can be adjusted according to the needs of plants so that no puddles or water shortages.

So pump this water will be immersed into a nutrient solution and then installed a timer that has timed. And water in a pond or tank will be pumped and passed to shelter plants (grow tray).

Only then will die and the water timer automatically aka fell back into the tank. In this case the timer can be set several times as needed. The point of nutrients in plants must be met promptly.

In its application hydroponics system with this technique can applied for some of the growth medium. And the media are common to store water well is rock wool and vermiculite.

The advantages of this technique is that the plant will get the nutrients and oxygen form water periodically. Both are oxygen carried through the pump have a good quality. And watering is done automatically can save energy and time.

However, the disadvantages of using this method is the overall budget is quite expensive. Depending on posakan electric, if the power goes out, the plants may die. Nutrition and many times are not as good nutrition in early.

# 5 Hydroponics System System Deep Flow Technique (DFT)

DFT briefly system is a system that lays hydroponic plant roots on a layer of water at a water depth ranging from 4-6 cm.

Same with other systems, DFT system also requires electrical power to circulate the water into the gutters by using a water pump. Then to save electricity, it can use the timer to set the time of life and death.

The advantages of hydroponics system than other systems are located at the time the power goes out the nutritional requirements for the plant remain available. Because the system is organized into nutrient to 6 cm.

But its shortcomings are requiring nutritional needs quite a lot when compared to the NFT system.

# 6 Hydroponics Wick System (Wicks System)

System wick or wicks system is the most simple hydroponic system that is by utilizing a wick which is then connected between the nutrient solution in the tank with planting medium.

And things simple more again that these systems are passive in the sense that there are no moving parts.

Thus the nutrient solution to be drawn into the media which then channeled into the planting medium from the tub or tank passing through the axis. By leveraging the power of capillarity axis of the water and nutrients can reach the roots of plants.

Axis system is a system that is ideal for those who really want to plant in the yard of the kitchen, living room and even on the home page that breadth is not so wide.

In the application wick system can be mixed planting medium such as perlite, vermiculite, rice husk and gravel sand.

How to planting the axis system can utilize stove wicks, cotton or rags. The point is that media can absorb water well. Should media of what we say.

The first plant roots are not immersed directly into the water but the roots grow in some water-retaining material such as rock wool or can be coco.

Then the end of the fuse is placed in a reservoir has been filled with a solution of nutrients. Then the other end is placed in the planting medium. And even closer to the roots of plants.

Because the media is more dominant in the axis requires a lot of water and nutrients. Then compiled into media axis water barrier as capillaries.

That way the plants will take a nutrient solution through the end of the axis and the effect of growing media through which the axis becomes moist.

This axis technique air will be sucked up by the roots in tandem with the nutrient solution. That would ensure that the plant receives enough air.

If the reservoir runs out, it can be filled by hand. And this superiority because they do not need to use the pump as well as other hydroponic systems.

# 7 Hydroponics Floating Raft System (Water Culture System)

Hydroponics system to seven is the simplest system among active hydroponics systems.

Because by utilizing platforms made of a planting medium that floats so the nutritional needs directly obtained by the roots.

Then the oxygen demand required the plant roots can make use aquarium pump that has been put into the tank hydroponic nutrients.

But by applying this system can not work effectively for the plant with a large size and long-term. Only small plants, like celery, cabbage and others.

# 8 Fertigation Systems (Fertilizer And Irigation Drip System)

Fertigation system is a hydroponic system most widely applied in the world. Because the system uses a drip irrigation or drip irrigation where the plants will be watered by dripping water.

Fertigation systems not only or just dripped but the water has been mixed with the nutrient solution. So that plant growth is maintained.

This means that in one drop is already nutritionally complete. Then the operation is also relatively easy.

The advantages of this system include: (1) the provision of nutrition can be set in accordance with plant maturity. (2) safe from disease and guaranteed clean. (3) Addressing the problem of land.

(4) Ability to improve the yield of income. (5) The quality of crop yields are much better. (6) The use of fertilizers is right on target and (7) Able to produce plants that many (quantity).

Disadvantages of this system at four, namely: (1) The capital required is too high. (2) It should be enough knowledge to start with this technique. (3) It should be taken care of on a regular and ongoing basis. (4) If damage in irrigation systems will have an effect on agricultural output.

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5:51 AM

Madu adalah salah satu produk primadona HHBK (Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu) di Indonesia. Banyaknya manfaat madu bagi kesehatan, kecantikan dan lain-lain menyebabkan permintaan pasar terhadap madu alam dan madu budidaya cukup tinggi. 

Dalam situasi seperti ini, budidaya lebah madu Trigona sp menjadi salah satu pilihan. Lebah kecil yang tidak memiliki sengat ini tidak hanya menghasilkan madu, tetapi juga propolis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. 

A.    Klasifikasi

Trigona sp adalah salah satu jenis lebah madu dari famili Meliponini. Adapun taksonomi lebah madu Trigona sp adalah sebagai berikut :
Kingdom     : Hymenoptera
Klas           : Apidae
Ordo          : Apinae
Famili         : Meliponini
Genus         : Trigona
Spesies       : Trigona clypearis Friese, 1908

Gambar 1. Koloni Trigona sp

B.    Ciri-ciri Morfologi

Lebah trigona berwarna hitam dan berukuran kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 3-4 mm, serta rentang sayap 8 mm. Lebah pekerja memiliki kepala besar dan rahang panjang. Sedang lebah ratu berukuran 3-4 kali ukuran lebah pekerja, perut besar mirip laron, berwarna kecoklatan dan mempunyai sayap pendek. Lebah ini tidak mempunyai sengat (stingless bee).

Dalam kehidupan dan perkembangannya lebah sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, curah hujan dan ketinggian tempat. Disamping itu ketersedian pakan sangat menentukan keberhasilan budidaya lebah trigona.

TEKNIK BUDIDAYA

A.    Pembuatan Stup

Stup lebah Trigona sp sebaiknya menggunakan kayu yang berserat halus. Hingga saat ini belum ada ukuran standard dari stup trigona. Di Nusa Tenggara Barat, stup yang digunakan masyarakat berukuran 20 x 15 X 17 cm. Stup lebah Trigona sp bisa digantung ataupun disusun pada rak dan diletakkan di tempat teduh/ tidak terkena matahari langsung.
Struktur stup lebah Trigona sp berbeda dengan stup lebah lainnya. Ruangan dalam stup lebah trigona tidak bersekat-sekat. Namun lebah Trigona sp menempatkan telur, madu, propolis dan beebread secara terpisah.

Gambar 2. Kondisi dalam stup

B.    Pemindahan Koloni

Pemindahan koloni dari alam ke dalam stup atau dari satu stup ke stup lainnya merupakan hal yang paling penting untuk diperhatikan dan dilakukan secara hati-hati pada malam hari setelah semua koloni kembali ke sarang atau dinihari ketika koloni belum mencari pakan.
Secara teknik, pemindahan koloni lebih mudah dengan cara memindahkan ratunya terlebih dahulu, ketika ratunya sudah dipindahkan secara otomatis angota koloni akan mengikuti ratu berpindah tempat. Setelah semua koloni berpindah, stup yang baru didiamkan 1-2 bulan agar koloni dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru.

Gambar 3 : Beragam bentuk stup Trigona sp

Setiap koloni terdiri dari ratu, lebah pekerja dan lebah jantan. Lebah ratu merupakan satu-satunya lebah petelur seumur hidup dalam satu koloni. Lebah pekerja adalah lebah betina yang organ reproduksinya tidak berfungsi sempurna/ tidak subur. Lebah pekerja mengeluarkan lilin yang digunakan untuk membangun, membersihkan dan memelihara sarang, menjaga sarang, menyediakan makanan, terdiri dari madu dan tepung sari.

Masa kerja lebah pekerja selama 60 hari, sejak usia 1 minggu lebah pekerja mulai bekerja membersihkan lubang sel bekas huniannya tatkala ia masih menjadi larva. Usia 2 minggu lebah pekerja membuat royal jelly. Usia 3 minggu, membuat sel-sel dalam sarang. Usia 4 minggu mengikuti lebah pekerja dewasa mencari makan di luar sarang. Usia 5 minggu lebah pekerja mencari makan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup koloni.

Stup tersusun atas beberapa bagian. Setiap bagian digunakan untuk menyimpan madu, tepung sari, tempat bertelur dan tempat larva. Di bagian tengah terdapat karangan-karangan bola berisi telur, tempayak, dan kepongpong. Di bagian sudut terdapat bola-bola agak kehitam-hitaman untuk menyimpan madu dan tepung.

C.    Pemeliharaan

Pemeliharaan stup sebaiknya dilakukan secara rutin dan periodik, meliputi pembersihan dari sarang semut/ laba-laba, pengecekan kondisi stup agar terkena air hujan.
Stup juga harus dihindarkan dari hama pengganggu (cecak, tokek, larva kumbang, tawon kuning, ayam dan lain-lain).

D.    Pemanenan

Pemanenan madu maupun propolis dilakukan 1-3 kali setahun tergantung kondisi lingkungan, pakan, besar kecilnya stup dan kesehatan koloni. Pemanenan umumnya dilakukan dengan cara tradisional, yaitu menggunakan pisau kikis.
Madu dan propolis yang sudah dipanen diletakan dimangkuk untuk dilakukan penirisan. Penirisan madu dilakukan agar madu tetap steril dengan tidak terlalu banyak kontak dengan tangan.

PENGELOLAN PASCA PANEN

A.    Penurunan Kadar Air

Kualitas madu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kadar air di dalamnya. Semakin rendah kadar air dalam madu semakin tinggi kualitas madu yang bersangkutan.
Untuk menurunkan kadar air menggunakan alat dehumi difier.
Kadar air ideal dalam madu berkisar antara 19-22 %.

Pengemasan

Pengemasan madu biasanya mengunakan botol kaca atau botol plastik. Kemasan sebaiknya diberikan informasi yang memadai berkaitan petunjuk penggunaan madu, kode produksi, tanggal kadaluarsa, ijin Industri Rumah Tangga dan lain-lain.

Gambar 4. Contoh kemasan madu

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7:24 AM

Budidaya lebah ada 2 (dua) cara yaitu : 1) Budidaya Lebah Secara Menetap, dan 2) Budidaya Lebah Secara Berpindah.
Pada budidaya lebah secara menetap koloni lebah diperoleh dari penangkapan koloni yg belum dibudidayakan, sedangkan pada budidaya lebah secara berpindah sampai saat ini koloni diperoleh dari lebah paket. Berikut akan diuraikan teknik budidaya lebah madu.

1.    Cara Mendapatkan Koloni Lebah

Teknik penangkapan koloni Apis Cerana.
Koloni Apis Cerana yang belum dibudidayakan sering dijumpai di atap rumah,lubang-lubang batang pohon dan sebagainya.

Suatu koloni dapat ditangkap langsung lalu dimasukan ke dalam kotak penangkap yang sudah diisi sisiran kosong dan larutan gula kental yang diletakan dekat koloni lebah yang telah ditangkap.

Mula-mula koloni lebah diasapi secukupnya sehingga lebah menjadi jinak atau tidak agresif. Irislah sisran sarang lalu ikatkan pada bingkai sarang perlahan-lahan ,kemudian cari ratunya. Masukan lebah ratu ke dalam sangkar ratu lalu tempelkan di tengah sisiran yang sudah disiapkan di dalam kotak lebah. Sisiran lebah yang dipindah adalah sisran muda yang berwarna putih dan penuh larva, madu dan tepungsari (pollen). Letakkan kotak lebah pada tempat yang agak terbuka supaya anggota koloninya yang lain dapat masuk kedalam kotak itu. Setelah semua lebah masuk, kotak ditutup. Sehari setelah penangkapan, kurungan ratu dibuka dan agar ratu tidak terbang maka sayap depan lebah ratu dipotong sedikit. Tiga hari setelah penangkapan, lebah sudah tenang dan akan aktif kembali mencari makan, mebuat sarang dan sebagainya.

2.    Teknik Pemeriksaan Koloni Lebah

Pemeriksaan koloni dimulai 3 hari setelah penangkapan atau pembibitan. Setelah koloni kelihatan berkembang biak, pemeriksaannya cukup sekali seminggu.

Langkah-langkah pemeriksaan koloni lebah adalah sebagai berikut :
a.    Persiapkan perlengkapan petugas.
b.    Pemeriksa dan pembantu pemeriksa berdiri di kiri kanan kotak agar tidak menutupi jalur terbang lebah , sehingga tidak disengat.
c.    Perlahan-lahan tutup luar dibuka sampai sedikit bergeronggang. Pada koloni sedikit dihemburkan asap dengan 2 – 3 kali pengasapan.
d.    Tutup dalamnya dibuka dan diasapi kembali dengan sekali hembusan. Jika pada tutup terdapat segerombolan lebah, tutup dalam goyangkan diatas kotak lebah, sehingga lebah jatuh pada kotaknya.
e.    Bingkai diangkat dari tepi secara perlahan-lahan, jika sukar dapat digunakan pengungkit.
f.    Angkatlah bingkai dan periksa satu persatu, pemeriksaan harus selalu diatas peti lebah, sehingga apabila ratu lebah jatuh akan tepat pada koloni yang sedang diperiksa.
g.    Periksalah secara cepat dan cermat keadaan ratu, larva, telur dan madu serta tepung sarinya
h.    Catat hasil pemeriksaannya.
i.    Bingkai-bingkai sisiran kembalikan pada posisi semula kemudian tutuplah kotak seperti keadaan semula.

3.    Pengaturan Sisiran Sarang

Pengaturan sisiran sarang lebah lazim disebut dengan teknik manipulasi. Hal ini merupakan suatu usaha untuk meningkatkan daya kerja koloni lebah dalam membangun sarangnya.

Pengaturan sisiran sarang sebenarnya hanya dapat dilakukan pada bingkai yang berpondasi sarang atau sisiran sarang dengan lidah bimbingan. Pengaturan sisiran sarang dapat dilakukan dengan 2 (dua) cara, yaitu pengaturan sisiran dalam satu kotak dan pengaturan sisiran antar kotak.

3.1.    Pengaturan Sisiran Sarang dalam Kotak.
Jika dalam satu koloni lebah baru setengah dari seluruh sisran yang terbentuk, maka untuk mempercepat perkembangan koloninya sisran tersebut harus dipindah-pindahkan, urutannya sebagai berikut : misalnya sisran pertama dan keempat berisi madu dan tepungsari sedangkan sisran kedua dan ketiga berisi  telur dan larva, sisran kelima kosong, maka sisiran kelima harus dipindahkan ke antara sisiran kedua dan ketiga, menggantikan posisi sisiran ketiga.
Tiga hari setelah diatur kembali diperiksa sisiran kelima. Diharapkan lebahnya sudah membangun sarangnya di sisiran tersebut. Hal ini biasa dilakukan pada musim membangun atau mempersiapkan koloni pada masa panen madu.

3.2.    Pengaturan Sisiran Sarang antar Kotak.
Pengaturan sisiran sarang antar kotak dilakukan untuk memperkuat koloni yang lemah. Caranya sebagai berikut :
Siapkan kotak koloni lebah yang lemah dan kotak koloni lebah yang kuat. Beberapa sisiran yang berisi madu, tepungsari, larva dan telur dipindahkan dari koloni yang kuat ke dalam koloni yang lemah tanpa meyertakan lebah. Letakkan sisiran yang berisi telur dan larva dibagian tengah diantara sisiran lainnya. Sisiran yang berisi tepungsari dan madu diletakan dibagian tepi. Kotak lebah diletakkan pada lokasi yang banyak bunga tanaman pakan lebah. Setelah 7 hari koloni itu diperiksa.

4.    Pemindahan Koloni Lebah

Pemindahan koloni atau penggembalaan baru diperlukan pada budidaya Apis mellifera, sebab lebah ini memerlukan bunga-bunga tertentu dalam jumlah yang besar sehingga koloninya perlu dipindah-pindahkan dari daerah satu jenis bunga ke daerah jenis bunga lainnya lainnya.

Pada waktu senja setelah semua lebah masuk ke dalam kotak tutuplah pintu masuknya. Bingkai sarang yang berisi madu diambil lalu diganti dengan fondasi sarang. Bingkai-bingkai tersebut harus dirapatkan agar tidak bergerak-gerak dalam perjalanan. Tutup dan dasar kotak juga dirapatkan dengan jalan dipaku. Apabila pengangkutannya dengan kendaraan, lobang kotak diatur berhadapan dan tidak menghadap ke arah perjalanan kendaraan. Usahakan agar perjalanan dilakukan pada malam hari. Apabila perjalanannya jauh perlu istirahat, perciki kotak dengan air. Setelah sampai di tempat areal penggembalaan baru, keesokan harinya pintu kotak dibuka secara bertahap. Pertama-tama 3 – 4 cm dahulu untuk memberi kesempatan kepada lebah pekerja berorientasi.

5.    Menyatukan Koloni Lebah

Tujuannya adalah untuk menyelamatkan serta mengembangkan koloni lebah yang lemah ataupun koloni yang tidak mempunya ratu, juga merupakan usaha mendapatkan koloni yang kuat menjelang panen madu.
Koloni yang kuat yaitu koloni yang mempunyai ratu produktif dengan minimum 5 sisiran penuh lebah. Kotak yang berisi koloni kuat dibuka tutup atasnya dan tutup dalamnya diganti dengan selembar kertas koran yang telah dilubangi. Arah lubang itu sejajar dengan ruang antara sisiran. Koloni lebah yang lemah atau tidak beratu setelah diangkat tutup dasarnya diletakan diatas kotak koloni tadi. Dalam waktu 12 jam diharapkan kedua koloni tersebut telah bersatu melalui rintisan koran tadi.
Untuk mempercepat oleskan larutan gula pada kertas koran tersebut. Penggabungan ini harus dikerjakan pada malam hari, sebab pada saat itu koloni sudah dalam keadaan tenang dan semua lebah sudah ada didalam kotak. Pindahkan kotak lebah gabungan tersebut ke daerah pakan lebah. Tujuh hari setelah penggabungan koloni harus diperiksa.

6.    Memperbanyak Koloni Lebah

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memperbanyak koloni lebah adalah sebagai berikut :
a.    Koloni lebah lebah harus kuat, yaitu dalam satu kotak berisi minimum 8 sisiran penuh lebah. Ratunya dalam keadaan aktif bertelur, lebah pekerja giat mencari makan dan koloni bebas dari hama dan penyakit.
b.    Cukup tersedia bahan pakan lebah tersebut.
Apabila kedua hal tersebut terpenuhi maka koloni dapat diperbanyak.
Koloni yang akan diperbanyak dan kotak dengan sisiran fondasi sarang kosong disiapkan, ratunya dipindahkan ke koloni tersebut dengan 4 – 5 sisiran sarang. Kotak yang telah berisi ratu dipindahkan jauh. Untuk Apis cerana pemindahan sekurang – kurangnya 700 m, dan untuk Apis mellifera 2.000 m. Pemindahan ini bertujuan  agar lebah tidak kembali ke tempat asalnya. Lima hari setelah pemecahan, koloni diperiksa, apabila terdapat lebih dari 1 sel ratu, pilih sel ratu yang paling kuat dan yang lainnya dibuang.
Memperbanyak koloni ini bermaksud untuk pembibitan atau untuk mempersiapkan koloni menghadapi masa panen madu.

7.    Mempersiapkan Masa Panen

Kotak madu diisi sepuluh sisiran kosong (fondasi sarang). Letakkan kotak madu ini diatas kotak eram, diantara kedua kotak itu terlebih dulu dipasang penyekat ratu ( “queen excluder” ).
Sisiran kotak madu yang telah berisi madu  dan tertutup lilin siap dipanen. Madu yang belum ditutup lapisan lilin atau belum 7 hari sebaiknya jangan dipanen sebab masih terlalu banyak kadar airnya atau disebut “ madu muda “.

8.    Teknik Panen

Panen dilaksanakan pada pagi hari atau sore hari. Madu yang dapat dipanen dipilih dari sisiran yang penuh madu atau dua pertiganya berisi madu yang sudah tertutup lilin.
Bingkai dan sisiran dibersihkan lebahnya dengan menggunakan sikat lebah. Lapisan lilin dikupas dengan pisau pemanen madu yang sudah dicelup air panas. Kemudian sisiran dengan bingkainya dimasukan ke dalam ekstraktor. Bingkai sisiran yang sudah dipanen dikembalikan lagi ke kotak semula. Pemanenan dilakukan pada kotak secara berselang seling, yaitu kotak no. 1, 3, 5 dan seterusnya. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menghindari perampokan antar koloni.

9.    Penangkaran Lebah Ratu

Penangkaran ratu sebaiknya dilakukan pada saat banyak nektar dan tepung sari.
9.1.    Penangkaran Lebah Ratu Secara Alam.
Penangkaran ratu secara alam dapat dikerjakan dengan dua cara, yaitu:
a.    Memecah koloni menjadi dua seperti telah dikemukakan diatas.
b.    Memanfaatkan hijrah, dimana terbentuk beberapa sel calon ratu secara alami. Pindahkan sel calon ratu  yang terletak di bagian bawah sisiran sarang ke dalam koloni yang lain.
9.2.    Penangkaran Lebah Ratu Buatan.
Dipakai sel ratu buatan berupa mangkokan kecil yang dipasang pada bingkai sisiran. Mangkok-mangkok diisi larva lebah yang berumur 2 hari. Dua belas jam setelah menetas letakkan bingkai sisiran yang berisi mangkokan tadi  kedalam koloni yang kuat. Tiga belas hari setelah setelah dititipkan pada koloni, calon ratu dipindahkan lagikepada koloni lebah yang tidak mempunyai ratu. Diharapkan 5 hari setelah pemindahan terakhir akan diperoleh ratu di dalam koloni itu.
Untuk mangkok ratu dapat dibuat sendiri dengan cara membuat cetakan dari kayu yang sesuai dengan sel calon ratu.

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